Philosophy Trivia Questions for College Students — page 2

According to Aristotle, happiness is:

• Aactivity of the soul in accordance with virtue.
• Ba feeling or sensation.
• Ca state of mind.
• Da craft.

In Aristotle's terminology, incontinence is when:

• Aone does not know that one's actions are wrong.
• Bone knows that one's feelings are inappropriate, and does not act on them.
• Cone does the right action, but for the wrong reason.
• Done knows that one's actions are wrong, but does them anyway.

Augustine claims that to be happy, one must know:

• Athe causes of natural occurrences.
• Bthe causes of good and evil.
• Cneither a nor b.
• Dboth a and b.

A prima facie duty is a characteristic of an act in virtue of which the act:

• Ais right.
• Bseems to be right, although this might be illusory.
• Ctends to be right, although this might be outweighed by other considerations.
• Dis the first thing that an agent ought to do, above all else.

Aquinas claims that the ultimate perfection of operation is:

• Adelight.
• BGodliness.
• Cpleasure.
• Dpeace.

Anscombe claims that an adequate moral psychology would include:

• Aanalyses of concepts such as "action" and "intention."
• Ban explanation of how free will is possible.
• Can answer to the mind-body problem.
• Dall of the above.

Aquinas argues that every agent acts for the sake of:

• Aself-interest.
• Bpleasing God.
• Cpleasure.
• Dan end.

According to Ross, justice is:

• Awhen all laws are followed.
• Bwhen the guilty are punished for their crimes.
• Cwhen contracts and promises are adhered to.
• Dwhen the distribution of happiness is in accordance with merit.

Aristotle claims that:

• Aneither virtue nor vice is in our power.
• Bvirtue is in our power, and so is vice.
• Cvice is in our power, but virtue is not.
• Dvirtue is in our power, but vice is not.

Augustine claims that there can be no evil where there is no:

• Agreed.
• Bgood.
• Chatred.
• Dlove.

Which of the following is an example of deception in business research?

• AThe researcher failing to ask permission to interview someone.
• BThe obtaining of company material without permission.
• CThe researcher representing their research as being about a different topic.
• DThe researcher wearing a disguise during an observation.

According to Wolf, a moral saint:

• Acannot read Victorian novels.
• Bcannot have an interest in gourmet cooking.
• Ccannot have a sarcastic wit.
• Dall of the above.

According to Baier, a rule can be said to be for the good of human beings only if:

• Ait is not harmful.
• Bit promotes the good of some people.
• Cit does not impose unnecessary restrictions.
• Dall of the above.

Hare claims that a person who refuses to make any positive moral judgments:

• Acouldn't possibly exist.
• Bis irrational.
• Ccannot coherently invoke morality to protect one's own interests.
• Dis immoral.

According to Hobbes, without a common power to keep them in awe humans would exist in a state of:

• Amutual indifference.
• Bwar of every man against every man.
• Ccautious mistrust.
• Dpeace and harmony.

Anscombe claims that the notion of moral obligation is derived from the concept of:

• Apositive law.
• Bdivine law.
• Cpreference.
• Dmaximizing utility.

To argue that he is obliged to obey the laws of Athens, Socrates compares the city to:

• Aa parent.
• Ba friend.
• Ca spouse.
• Dan employer.

Aristotle ends the Ethics with a segue to a discussion of:

• Anatural science.
• Bpolitics.
• Caesthetics.
• Dtheology.

According to Moore, "pleasure is good" means the same thing as:

• A"pleasure is desired."
• B"we desire to desire pleasure."
• Cnone of the above.
• D"pleasure is pleasant."

Epicurus holds that philosophy is:

• Anone of the above.
• Bnot suitable for the old.
• Cimportant, but unpleasant.
• Dnot suitable for the young.

Apart from the fact that it is "not a nice thing to do", what is an important ethical disadvantage of deceiving participants?

• ANone of the above.
• BIt means that records of personal data about the participants cannot be made anonymous.
• CIt makes it more difficult to gain access to deviant or hidden populations.
• DIt can damage the professional reputation of the researcher and their discipline.

According to Moore's "ideal utilitarianism," the right action is the one that brings about the greatest amount of:

• Avirtue.
• Bpleasure.
• Cgood.
• Dhappiness.

Aquinas holds that the last end of man is:

• Ahappiness or beatitude.
• Bthe satisfaction of desire.
• Cpleasure.
• Dfreedom from anxiety.

Mill defines "utility" as:

• Ausefulness to society.
• Bit promotes the interests of all and does not harm anyone.
• Cusefulness for some craft.
• Dpleasure and the absence of pain.

According to Bentham, considerations of pain and pleasure determine:

• Awhat we ought to do.
• Bneither a nor b.
• Cwhat we will do.
• Dboth a and b.

Nussbaum claims that to many current ethical theorists, turning to an ethical approach based on the virtues is connected with a turn toward:

• Aempiricism.
• Brationalism.
• Crelativism.
• Dabsolutism.

Mill claims that in deciding how to act:

• Awe should consult scripture.
• Bwe should consult tradition.
• Cwe should depend on rules of thumb derived from the principle of utility.
• Dwe should always calculate the expected consequences of our action.

Mill claims that the distinction between justice and other moral obligations corresponds perfectly to the distinction between:

• Aperfect and imperfect obligations.
• Babsolute and relative obligations.
• Cpositive and negative duties.
• Dstrong and weak duties.

Wolf claims that ultimately, normative questions must be assessed from:

• Athe moral point of view.
• Ba perspective that is unattached to a commitment to any well-ordered system of values.
• Cthe point of view of virtue.
• Dthe point of view of individual perfection.

Gauthier claims that moral agreements that are equally favorable to all parties are desirable because they:

• Ainvite the stable compliance of everyone.
• Bmaximize the productivity of society.
• Csatisfy our desire for fairness.
• Dsatisfy the conceptual constraint against exploitation.

Which method is most commonly associated with a lack of informed consent?

• ACovert observation
• BQualitative content analysis
• CStructured interviewing
• DIn-depth interviewing

In Aquinas's view, acts of prudence are solely about matters of:

• Apiety.
• Bmoral virtue.
• Cdesire.
• Dpleasure.

Baier claims that ethical skepticism is often due to:

• Aconfused metaphysical theories.
• Bconfused scientific theories.
• Cconfused religious views.
• Dconfused epistemological theories.

Kant claims that the moral law is given to each person by:

• AGod.
• Bsociety.
• CNature.
• Done's own will.

Hare asserts that ethics and science are similar in that:

• Aboth are essential components of a worthwhile life.
• Bboth seek to provide us with true beliefs about the world.
• Call of the above.
• Dboth involve testing general principles by examining their logical consequences.

Taurek claims that:

• Athe death of two people is sometimes less bad than the death of one.
• Bthe notion of the sum of two people's losses should be rejected.
• Cthe death of two people is always worse than the death of one.
• Dthe death of two people is always exactly as bad as the death of one.

According to Singer, compliance with his principle requires:

• Adrastic changes to both our personal habits and to our society.
• Bmodest changes to our personal habits, as well as to society.
• Cmodest changes to our personal habits, but not to our society as a whole.
• Ddrastic changes to our personal habits, but not to our society.

According to Ross, our prima facie duties:

• Aare not objective.
• Bcan be proven.
• Care self-evident.
• Dcannot be known.

Nagel claims that the problem of moral luck is closely connected to the problem of:

• Afreedom of the will.
• Buniversals.
• Cthe existence of God.
• Dpsychological egoism.

Brandt claims that act-utilitarianism:

• Aall of the above.
• Bhas implausible consequences.
• Cis self-contradictory.
• Dgives rise to moral dilemmas.

Epicurus states that of all the things required for a complete life, the greatest is:

• Afriendship.
• Bluxury.
• Cgood food.
• Dhonor.

Singer claims that his argument upsets the traditional distinction between:

• Aegoism and altruism.
• Bduty and charity.
• Crights and privileges.
• Dpositive and negative rights.

Anscombe criticizes Butler on the grounds that:

• Aour consciences are fallible.
• Bthe concept of "pleasure" is unclear.
• Cwe really can derive an "ought" from an "is."
• Dthe notion of "legislating for oneself" is absurd.

In the case of the debtors, the moral argument against imprisoning A relies on:

• Aconsiderations of the consequences of doing so.
• Buniversalizability.
• Cfear.
• Dall of the above.

The version of utilitarianism that Brandt defends makes rightness a function of:

• Aideal rules.
• Bthe consequences of particular acts.
• Cthe actual and recognized rules of society.
• Dwhether or not one's maxim can be universalized.

Cicero argues that we will never go morally astray if we:

• Afollow Nature as our guide.
• Bfollow the laws.
• Cfollow our conscience.
• Dfollow religious edicts.

According to Ross, we should construct a moral theory by:

• Aconstructing logical proofs for moral principles.
• Bconsulting social conventions.
• Creflecting on what we really think.
• Dconsulting scripture.

In Butler's view, injustice is caused by:

• Adesires for external goods.
• Bself-hatred.
• Cill-will toward others.
• Dlove of injustice.

According to the scripture that Butler discusses in Sermon One, human beings are:

• Apart of the animal kingdom.
• Ball a part of one body.
• Call a part of God.
• Dindependent and autonomous individuals.

According to Hume, justice:

• Ahas value in part because it is useful to society.
• Bhas value solely because it is useful to society.
• Chas no value.
• Dhas value solely because it is useful to the agent.