Nutrition Trivia Questions — page 6

The World Health Organization recommends zinc supplements for which groups of people?

• AElderly people with low incomes
• BPregnant and lactating women
• CChildren with severe malnutrition or diarrhoea
• DAll children in low income areas with high prevalence of stunting

What is the estimated global prevalence of untreated dental caries?

• A60%
• B20%
• C80%
• D40%

Which of the following statements about plasma lipoproteins is correct?

• AThey have a hydrophilic core of triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters
• BThey have a hydrophobic core of triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters
• CThey have a hydrophobic core of phospholipids and free cholesterol
• DThey have a hydrophobic core of phospholipid and apolipoproteins

What is the prevalence of alcoholic myopathy in alcoholics

• A30 to 50%
• B10 to 30%
• C20 to 40%
• D40 to 60%

It is correct to state about the epidemiology of Anorexia Nervosa that:

• AMales from any socioeconomic background can be affected
• BIt never happens in children or post menopausal women
• CFemales are three times more affected than males
• DPrevalence rates are 2% for female adolescents

What is the main source of protein in the British diet?

• AMeat and meat products
• BFish and fish products
• CMilk and milk products
• DPulses

Higher dietary sodium (salt) intake is generally associated with:

• ADecreased calcium excretion in the urine
• BIncreased risk of fracture
• CDecreased dietary calcium absorption
• DNegative calcium balance and bone mineral loss

Which of these factors increases the risk for lung cancer?

• AObesity
• BSaturated fat
• CHigh dose ß-carotene supplements
• DAlcohol

Occasionally infants are born without a normally functioning immune system. What are the signs most suggestive of a severe combined immunodeficiency?

• AAll of the options given are correct
• BFamily history of unexplained death in infancy
• CGeneralised spread of the Tuberculosis strain BCG after vaccination
• DRecurrent severe infections

From the options listed, which type of carbohydrate cannot be metabolised by oral bacteria

• Amalto-triose
• Bglucose
• Cmaltose
• Dstarch

Which of the following vitamins provides the coenzyme for oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?

• ANiacin
• BFolate
• CThiamin
• DRiboflavin

Since the 1996 World Food Summit, how has the number of food insecure people in the world changed?

• AThe Summit's goal of cutting the number of hungry people in half by 2015 was achieved.
• BBecause of rising food prices, the number increased dramatically.
• CThe number increased slightly.
• DThe number decreased, but not by nearly enough to meet the Summit's goal.

Which of the following in not a zinc-dependent enzyme?

• AAlkaline phosphatase
• BSuperoxide dismutase
• CDNA polymerase
• DGlutathione peroxidase

Which one of these organs has the lowest energy expenditure per unit of body mass (kg)?

• ASkeletal Muscle
• BKidney
• CBrain
• DLiver

Which vitamin is required for synthesis of the blood clotting proteins?

• AVitamin D
• BVitamin A
• CVitamin E
• DVitamin K

Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Which hormone is thought to mediate this effect?

• AOestrogen
• BThyroxine
• CTestosterone
• DInsulin-like growth factor-1

Alcohol is a major risk factor for cancer development. Which alcohol metabolite plays a prominent role in cancer development?

• Aalcohol
• Bacetaldehyde
• Cacetate
• Dfatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE)

Which of the following will increase in vitamin D deficiency?

• AThe plasma concentration of prothrombin
• BThe plasma activity of alkaline phosphatase
• CThe plasma concentration of preprothrombin
• DThe plasma activity of acid phosphatase

What are the main metabolites of alcohol metabolism?

• APyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate,
• BAcetyl-CoA, lipids,
• CAcetone, lactate
• DAcetaldehyde, acetate,

Intestinal failiure:

• AIs always permanent
• BMay benefit from sodium supplementation of >=90mmol/l
• CAlways requires parenteral nutritional suport
• DMay follow colectomy

Which of the following are not true regarding macrobiotic and vegan diets?

• ALow in sugar
• BHigh in fibre
• CLow energy density
• DLow in fat

In human DNA, which nucleotide base is methylated at the 5' position?

• AGuanine
• BThymine
• CAdenosine
• DCytosine

Supplementation with long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA during pregnancy and infancy will likely benefit the following:

• AVisual performance
• BBehaviour disorders
• CMotor performance
• DMemory

In which one of the following circumstances will the prevalence of a disease in the population increase, all else being constant?

• AIf the incidence rate of the disease falls.
• BIf the population in which the disease is measured increases.
• CIf survival time with the disease increases.
• DIf recovery of the disease is faster.

The two most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States and Europe are:

• ASalmonella and Campylobacter
• BE. coli STECs and non-STEC subtypes
• CListeria and Salmonella
• DShigella and Staphlococcus

A food additive is considered to be safe when:

• AIts toxic effects are observed only at doses 100x the EDI
• BIts benefits outweigh its risks
• CEstimated Daily Intake (EDI) from its presence in food is less than its ADI
• DNo evidence of human toxicity has been observed over the period of its use

Which of the following is a function of vitamin B6?

• ACarboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate
• BSynthesis of methionine from homocysteine
• CDecarboxylation of amino acids to form amine neurotransmitters
• DSynthesis of TMP (thymidine monophosphate)

What are histones?

• ACarbohydrates
• BProteins
• CNucleotides
• DLipids

In terms of price per calorie, which of the following foods is the cheapest and most nutritious?

• AApple
• BBroccoli
• CCheese burger
• DSlice of bread

The intake of which minerals is not affected by high intakes of foods containing phytic acid?

• ACalcium
• BZinc
• CIron
• DPotassium

Which of the following statements is/are true? Epigenetic changes may be key to understanding the links between early experience and later health. They may:

• Amodify gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence
• Benable one genotype to result in different phenotypes
• Call of the options given are correct
• Dinclude changes in DNA methylation

On average, obese people have a higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) than lean people, mainly because the body of the obese has more (in kg):

• Awater
• Badipose tissue (fat mass)
• Cglycogen
• DLean mass (fat-free mass)

In an epidemiological context, what is the population at risk?

• AThe population group with the highest relative risk of disease.
• BThe proportion of a population that engage in risky behaviours.
• CA group of people participating in a study that may be harmful to them.
• DThe group of people that may experience the outcome we want to study.

Which of the following is the yield of ATP from complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water?

• A10
• B25
• C30
• D32

What stable isotope is commonly given for the measurement of total body water?

• ANitrogen 15
• BDeuterium
• CCarbon 13
• DOxygen 18

The 'mad cows disease' has had the greatest impact on food choice due to which of the following?

• AA difference in perception of risk
• BScientists investigating alternatives for meat
• CHigher prices of meat
• DFarmers or food producers not trusting the government

What nutritional strategies will not improve performance during prolonged endurance type exercise?

• ATapering
• BThe classic glycogen loading regime
• CCarbohydrate loading
• DExogenous carbohydrate ingestion during exercise

What should elite athletes ideally consume during prolonged high intensity exercise (>2.5 hours)?

• A90 g glucose per hour
• B60 g glucose per hour
• C90 g glucose plus fructose per hour
• D60 g glucose plus fructose per hour

What are focus areas of nutritional epidemiology?

• AHow changes in food intake in the population can promote good health.
• BNone of the options given is correct.
• CThe role of nutritional factors in causing disease in a population.
• DBoth of the options given are correct.

Which of the following statements about the protein:energy ratio of the requirement is correct?

• AChildren are most susceptible to protein deficient diets
• BThe elderly need the most protein dense food
• CInfants and children need the most protein dense food
• DYoung adults need the most protein dense food

Insulin deficiency is associated with

• AIncreased ketogenesis
• BReduced lipolysis
• CReduced gluconeogenesis
• DReduced proteolysis

Greater milk consumption

• AIn countries with the highest rate of fracture suggests that milk consumption is beneficial to the skeleton.
• BHas been reported to be associated with a higher incidence of fracture and higher mortality in a few studies
• CDuring puberty seems to be associated with higher bone mineral density in later life
• DIs consistently associated with a lower rate of fractures

Which of the following statements is/are true? There is increasing concern about the importance of adequate nutrition in the pre-conception period to support a successful pregnancy. This is because:

• Athe embryonic period often occurs before a woman knows she is pregnant
• Binterventions in late pregnancy may be too late to be effective
• Call of the options given are correct
• Din the embryonic period the foetus is vulnerable to external factors in its environment

According to trials on diabetes prevention, high-risk individuals can reduce their risk to develop diabetes by doing the following:

• AInitiating metformin 850 mg BID and practicing daily vigorous exercise
• BEating a very low carbohydrate diet
• CLosing 5-7% of body weight through a hypocaloric low fat diet and 30 minutes of daily activity
• DConsuming a diet high in monounsaturated fats

Which of the following are the recommended blood pressure and lipid goals for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with diabetes?

• ABP < 135/80, Trig < 200, LDL < 130
• BBP < 140/90, Trig <150, LDL < 100
• CBP < 130/85, Trig < 300, LDL < 100
• DBP < 130/80, Trig <150, LDL < 100

Deficiencies of which of the following nutrients can lead to anaemia?

• AVitamin D and zinc
• BCopper and iron
• CIodine and vitamin C
• DZinc and protein

What enzyme is responsible for copying methylation marks from the parental to the daughter strand of DNA during replication?

• ADNMT1
• BDNMT3b
• CDNMT3L
• DDNMT3a

Which of the following lipoproteins is produced via the exogenous lipoprotein pathway?

• AVery low density lipoproteins
• BLow density lipoproteins
• CChylomicrons
• DHigh density lipoproteins

The test for checking mean plasma glucose concentration over the previous 8-10 weeks is:

• AOral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
• BHemoglobin A1c
• CFasting plasma glucose concentration
• DFructosamine test

Malnutrition in older adults is associated with which of the following?

• AAn improvement in physical function
• BReduced length of hospital
• CAn increased mortality and morbidity
• DA reduced susceptibility to infection